Read the following New York Times article. With each paragraph followed by its Chinese translation, does a complete grasp of the meaning help you learn the English?
http://mag.udn.com/mag/edu/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=466620
睡眠不足 戕害你的健康
Lack of Sleep Linked to Medical Risks
【By JANE E. BRODY／田思怡譯】2013/07/18
Millions of people unwittingly shortchange themselves on sleep.
睡眠不足而不自覺者，數以百萬計。
Research shows that most people require seven or eight hours of sleep to function optimally. Failing to get enough sleep can compromise health and even shorten life. The effects of inadequate sleep can profoundly affect memory, learning, creativity, productivity, emotional stability and physical health.
研究顯示，多數人需要七或八小時睡眠，才能保持最佳狀態。沒有足夠的睡眠可能有害健康，甚至使壽命減短。睡眠不足深深影響記憶力、學習力、創造力、生產力、情緒穩定和身體健康。
Sleep specialists say a number of bodily systems are negatively affected by inadequate sleep: the heart, lungs and kidneys; appetite, metabolism and weight control; immune function and disease resistance; sensitivity to pain; reaction time; mood; and brain function.
睡眠專家說，睡眠不足對一些身體機能有負面影響：心臟、肺和腎；胃口、新陳代謝和體重控制；免疫功能和對疾病的抵抗力；對疼痛的感受力；反應時間；心情和腦部功能。
“Sleep affects almost every tissue in our bodies,” said Dr. Michael J. Twery, a sleep specialist at the National Institutes of Health in Maryland.
位於馬里蘭州的美國國家衛生研究院睡眠專家特維芮博士說：「睡眠幾乎影響我們身體的每一個組織。」
Poor sleep is also a risk factor for depression and substance abuse.
睡得不好也是憂鬱和濫用藥物的危險因子。
Levels of the hormone leptin, which tells the brain enough food has been consumed, are lower in the sleep-deprived while levels of ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, are higher. In addition, metabolism slows when sleep is disrupted; if not counteracted by increased exercise or reduced caloric intake, this slowdown could add up to four kilograms of weight gain in a year.
瘦體素是告訴腦部已攝取足夠食物的荷爾蒙，睡眠不足時瘦體素濃度較低，而刺激食欲的飢餓素濃度較高。此外，睡眠不足時新陳代謝減緩；若未能以增加運動或減少攝取卡路里來抗衡，可能使體重一年之內增加多達四公斤。
The risks of cardiovascular diseases and stroke are higher in people who sleep less than six hours a night. A single night of inadequate sleep can cause daylong elevations in blood pressure in people with hypertension. Inadequate sleep is also associated with calcification of coronary arteries and raised levels of inflammatory factors linked to heart disease. ( Sleeping too much may also be risky. Higher rates of heart disease have been found among women who sleep more than nine hours nightly.)
每晚睡不到六小時的人，罹患心血管疾病和中風的風險增高。有高血壓的人，一晚睡眠不足，整天血壓都升高。睡眠不足也與冠狀動脈硬化有關，並提高與心臟病有關的發炎因子。（睡太多也有風險，每晚睡眠超過九小時的婦女，罹患心臟病比率較高。）
The risk of cancer may also be linked to sleep. A Japanese study of nearly 24,000 women ages 40 to 79 found that those who slept less than six hours a night were more likely to develop breast cancer than women who slept longer. Eva S. Schernhammer of Harvard Medical School found a link between levels of the sleep hormone melatonin and an increased risk of breast cancer.
罹患癌症的風險可能也與睡眠有關。日本一項針對近2萬4000名40歲到79歲婦女所做的研究發現，每晚睡不到六小時的婦女，比睡得較久的婦女容易得乳癌。哈佛醫學院的艾娃．熊漢默找到了睡眠荷爾蒙褪黑激素的濃度與乳癌風險增加的關聯。
A study of 1,240 people at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, found a higher risk of potentially cancerous colorectal polyps in those who slept fewer than six hours nightly.
俄亥俄州克里夫蘭市的凱斯西儲大學針對1240人所做的研究指出，每晚睡不到六小時的人，發現可能生癌的大腸息肉的風險較高。
During sleep, the body also produces hormones that help fight infections and those that stimulate growth and repair cells.
睡眠中，身體也會分泌有助於對抗感染的荷爾蒙，以及刺激細胞生成和修復細胞的荷爾蒙。
Dr. Vatsal G. Thakkar, a psychiatrist affiliated with New York University, recently described evidence associating inadequate sleep with an erroneous diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. In one study, 28 percent of children with sleep problems had symptoms of the disorder, but not the disorder.
紐約大學附屬醫院的精神科醫師塔卡，最近提出兒童睡眠不好與誤診為注意力不足過動症的相關證據。在一項研究中，有睡眠問題的兒童，28%有過動症狀，但不是真正的過動症。
But some of the most insidious effects of too little sleep involve mental processes like learning, memory, judgment and problem-solving. During sleep, new learning and memory pathways become encoded in the brain, and adequate sleep is necessary for those pathways to work optimally. The cognitive decline that so often accompanies aging may in part result from chronically poor sleep.
不過，睡眠太少一些最深層的影響與心智活動有關，像是學習、記憶、判斷和解決問題。睡覺時，新的學習和記憶路徑在腦內編碼，要這些路徑發揮最佳功能，需要充足的睡眠。常伴隨老化而來的認知能力下滑，一部分可能是長期睡不好所致。
At checkups, tell your doctor how long and how well you sleep. Be honest: Sleep duration and quality can be as important to your health as your blood pressure and cholesterol level.
檢查身體時，告訴你的醫生，你睡多少時間、睡得好不好。要誠實：睡眠的長短和品質對你的健康而言，可能與血壓和膽固醇濃度一樣重要。
全文網址: 睡眠不足 戕害你的健康 - 紐時周報精選 - 線上學習 - udn文教職考 http://mag.udn.com/mag/edu/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=466620#ixzz2ey9d2Qw5 Power By udn.com
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